The key components of a data lake include: - Data Ingestion: The process of importing data from various sources such as databases, IoT devices, social media, and more. - Storage: Scalable storage solutions that can accommodate large volumes of data. - Data Catalog: A metadata repository that helps in data organization, search, and discovery. - Processing Frameworks: Tools and platforms for data processing, such as Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark. - Security and Governance: Measures to ensure data privacy, compliance, and governance.