Query optimization involves several techniques and strategies:
1. Indexing: Creating indexes on columns that are frequently queried can significantly speed up data retrieval. 2. Query Rewriting: Modifying a query to make it more efficient without changing the result set. 3. Execution Plans: Analyzing and choosing the most efficient way to execute a given query. 4. Caching: Storing the results of frequently run queries to avoid repeated database hits. 5. Partitioning: Dividing large tables into smaller, more manageable pieces to improve query performance.