1. Data Analysis: Use data analytics to monitor key performance indicators (KPIs) and pinpoint areas where delays or inefficiencies occur. 2. Observation: Directly observe the workflow to identify stages where work piles up or slows down. 3. Feedback: Gather feedback from employees and customers to understand pain points within the process. 4. Flowcharts and Diagrams: Create flowcharts or process maps to visualize the workflow and identify areas of congestion.