Decision-Making: In hierarchical structures, decisions are typically made by top management, which can lead to slower response times. In contrast, flat and matrix structures allow for more decentralized decision-making, encouraging agile leadership. Communication: Clear and effective communication is crucial in any structure. Hierarchical structures may face challenges with communication flow, while flat structures often see improved employee communication and engagement. Innovation: A more flexible structure like a matrix or network can foster innovative thinking and creativity, while rigid structures may stifle it.