PPPs operate through various models depending on the nature of the project and the level of private sector involvement. Common models include:
1. Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT): The private entity builds and operates a facility for a specified period before transferring it to the public sector. 2. Design-Build-Finance-Operate (DBFO): The private sector designs, builds, finances, and operates a project, with ownership remaining with the public sector. 3. Lease-Develop-Operate (LDO): The public sector leases an asset to the private sector, which then develops and operates it.